Energy Science and Technology / Engineering
Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
Description
Non-conventional sources of energy supply energy with almost no negative influence on health and global environment. This book presents authoritative and up-to-date information on basic principles of different non-conventional energy sources and their practical applications. All the challenging concepts have been discussed, but the tone is deliberately lighter and heavy use of mathematical equations has been avoided. The book contains 18 chapters covering all major non-conventional energy sources, i.e., Solar, Wind, Biomass, Geothermal, Ocean thermal energy conversion, Tidal, Wave, Fuel cells, Batteries, Hydrogen and Energy from waste. The book is aimed mainly at science and technology students taking a course on non-conventional / renewable / alternate energy sources at graduate and postgraduate level. However, it will also be of considerable interest to the engineers and technicians working in the practical field of development and production of energy from alternative sources. Key Features of the Book • 200 highly illustrative figures and images for better explanation of concepts • 328 objective questions with answers for a quick revision of the concepts • Glossary of technical terms for the quick reference of the readers • Complete list of references for further studies
Table of Contents
Preface, Acknowledgements, Introduction: Energy and Development, Types of Energy Resources, Indian Energy Scenario, Coal and Lignite, Oil and Natural Gas, Non-conventional Hydrocarbon Resources, Hydroelectric Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy Sources Conclusions, Questions for Discussion Fundamentals of Solar Radiation: Introduction, The Sun, The Structure of Sun, The Solar Constant, Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation, Spectral Nature of Solar Radiation, Terrestrial Solar Radiation, Solar Radiation Geometry, Solar Time and the Equation of Time, Solar Radiation Measurement, Solar Radiation Data, Solved Problems, Questions for Discussion; Flat Plate Solar Collectors: Introduction, Flat Plate Collectors, Liquid-heating Flat Plate Collectors, Air-heating Flat Plate Collectors, Questions for Discussion; Solar Concentrators: Introduction, Operating Principle, Difference between Flat Plate Collector and Concentrating Collector, Concentrator Parameters, Classification of Concentrators, Concentrating Solar Power Plants, Questions for Discussion; Solar Thermal Energy Storage: Introduction Sensible Heat Storage, Latent Heat Storage, Thermochemical Energy Storage, Storage Material Containers, Solar Thermal Energy Storage System for Buildings, Questions for Discussion; Solar Pond: Introduction Non - convecting Solar Pond, Physics of Solar Ponds, Design Considerations of a Solar Pond, Applications of Solar Pond, Solar Ponds in India, Economics of Solar Ponds, Questions for Discussion; Solar Thermal Applications: Introduction Solar Water Heaters, Solar Space Heating, Solar Space Cooling, Solar Refrigeration, Solar Crop Drying, Solar Desalination, Solar Cooking, Solar Green House, Industrial Process Heat, Solar Thermal Electric Power, Questions for Discussion; Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation : Introduction History of Photovoltaics, Basic Structure of a Photovoltaic Cell, Semiconductor Materials Semiconductor Junctions, Photovoltaic Cell Operation, Electrical Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cell, Temperature Effects, Irradiance Effect, Solar Cell Classification, Questions for Discussion; Wind Energy: Introduction: History of Wind Energy, Wind Resources, Local Winds, Global Wind Patterns, Jet Streams, Theoretical Power of the Wind, Modern Wind Turbines, Types of Wind Turbines, Typical Performance of Wind Turbines, Selection of Wind Site, Design of a Wind Turbine Rotor Blade, The Aerodynamics of a Man on a Bicycle, The Aerodynamics of Wind Turbine Blades, Lift, Drag, The Change of Forces along the Blade, The Effect of Changes in Wind Speed, Cut-in and Cut-out Velocity, Classification of Wind into Power Classes, Major Components of Wind Electric System, Operation of a Wind Turbine, Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy, Environmental Concerns of Wind Energy. Wind Farms, India Wind Energy Outlook, World Wind Energy Outlook, Questions for Discussion; Bio-Energy: Introduction Feedstock Properties, The Chemistry of Biomass, Biomass Conversion Processes, Gasification Process, Anaerobic Digestion Process, Biogas Plants, Industrial Scale Digester Systems and Designs, Fuels from Biomass, Questions for Discussion; Geothermal Energy: Introduction; History of Geothermal Energy, Finding Geothermal Energy, Geothermal Resources, Technology and Resource Type, Non-electrical Uses of Geothermal Energy, Advantages of Geothermal Energy, Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy and the Environment , Worldwide Geothermal Potential and Development, Geothermal Energy Provinces in India, Opportunities for Development of Geothermal Energy Resources, Questions for Discussion; Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Introduction, History of Ocean Thermal Energy, Solar Energy Absorption by Water, Cycle Types, Closed Cycle OTEC ,Open Cycle OTEC, Hybrid, Selection of Working Fluids, Potential Sites and Plant Design Applications of OTEC, Advantages of OTEC Systems, Disadvantages of OTEC Systems, Status of OTEC Technology in India, Questions for Discussion; Tidal Energy: Introduction ,History of Tidal Energy, Fundamental Principles of Tides, Creation of Tides, The Effect of Gravity and Inertia on Tidal Bulges ,Variations in Tides due to Position and Distance of, Sun, Moon, and Earth Other Factors Affecting Tidal Characteristics, Coriolis Forces, Energy of Tides, Tidal Current Velocity, Extraction of Tidal Energy, Advantages of Tidal Energy, Disadvantages of Tidal Energy, Future Options to Utilize Tidal Electric Energy, Tidal Energy in India, World Tidal Energy Outlook, Economics of Tidal Power Installations, Conclusion, Questions for Discussion; Wave Energy: Introduction History of Wave Energy, Formation of Waves, Power in Waves, Ocean Wave Energy Technologies, Environmental Considerations, Economic Considerations, Worldwide Potential of Wave Energy, Advantages of Wave Energy, Disadvantages of Wave Energy, Questions for Discussion; Fuel Cells: Introduction: History of Fuel Cells, Thermodynamics of a Fuel Cell, Types of Fuel Cells, Conclusion, Questions for Discussion; Batteries: Introduction, History of Batteries, Generation of Electricity by a Battery, Definitions of Basic Parameters, Classification of Batteries, Primary (non-rechargeable) Batteries, Secondary (rechargeable) Batteries, Reserve Batteries, Types of Primary Batteries, Recharging of Primary Batteries, Types of Secondary Batteries, Types of Reserve Batteries, Major Considerations in Selecting a Battery, Applications of Batteries, Advantages of Batteries, Limitations of Batteries, Questions for Discussion; Hydrogen Energy: Introduction, History of Hydrogen Energy, Production of Hydrogen, Hydrogen Storage, Technical Issues in Hydrogen Storage, Pipeline Transport of Compressed Hydrogen Gas, Road Delivery of Hydrogen, Liquid Hydrogen Transport, Hydrogen Fueled Vehicular Transport, Availability of Hydrogen in India, Questions for Discussion; Energy from Municipal Solid Waste: Introduction, Definitions of Waste, Waste Generation, Characteristics of Municipal Sold Wastes, Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste, Energy from Waste, Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste, Pyrolysis, Other Methods, Questions for Discussion; Glossary of Terms; Objective Questions; Bibliography; Appendix 1: Conversion of Units; Appendix 2: Decimal Multiples of Units.